When people discuss psychology, I often hear two very different views. Some dismiss it as having no value or no connection to faith, while others embrace it without any filter. From my perspective, the reality is somewhere in between. Psychology, when carefully understood, offers many valuable insights into the human mind and behaviour. At the same time, Islam provides the higher framework that gives meaning and direction to those insights. Together, they can complement one another, although there are also important points of alignment and difference.
Shared Ground
Islam has consistently engaged with the study of the mind and emotions. Classical scholars such as Al-Ghazali, Ibn Sina, and Ibn al-Qayyim wrote about the nafs (self), the qalb (heart), and the ways our thoughts influence our actions. Modern psychology, in its own language, investigates many of the same questions.
For instance, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) encourages people to challenge harmful thoughts and adopt healthier perspectives. This reflects the Qur’anic reminder: “Perhaps you dislike something, and it is good for you…” (2:216) and “Indeed, with hardship comes ease” (94:6). Both Islam and CBT recognise that how we think about situations deeply affects how we feel and respond.
Positive psychology, which emphasises gratitude and resilience, also mirrors Islamic teaching. The Qur’an consistently calls us to practice shukr (gratitude) and sabr (patience). Research shows these qualities improve mental health, while Islam frames them as spiritual strengths. Similarly, mindfulness practices in therapy resemble muraqabah — being aware of Allah’s presence — and khushuʿ in prayer, where attention, calmness, and focus come together.
Modern approaches to grief, trauma, and habit formation also find parallels in Islam. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ comforted people in sorrow, validated emotions, and encouraged steady, consistent habits. Psychology’s focus on gradual, repeated actions reflects his saying: “The most beloved deeds to Allah are those that are consistent, even if small.” (Bukhari, Muslim).
Points of Difference
Still, there are aspects of psychology that do not align with Islamic principles. Some early thinkers, such as Sigmund Freud, questioned the role of religion and focused heavily on sexuality as the primary driver of human behaviour. While influential, these ideas differ from Islam’s view that the human being has higher spiritual purposes and a divinely guided moral framework.
Another difference lies in moral relativism. Specific psychological approaches avoid defining right or wrong, emphasising only individual choice. In Islam, morality is not relative but grounded in revelation. Some modern frameworks also introduce New Age concepts — such as reincarnation or spiritual energies — which do not align with Islamic belief.
Finally, psychology sometimes places self-fulfilment as the highest priority. Islam values self-care and emotional well-being, but it also calls for humility, discipline, and alignment with God’s will. This difference in ultimate goals is an essential distinction for Muslims.
Psychology is not fake, nor is it flawless. It provides evidence-based tools that can enhance emotional well-being and daily functioning. Islam provides the foundation of truth, morality, and purpose. For me, the best approach is to use psychology as a resource — taking what is beneficial and consistent with faith and setting aside what diverges from it. In this balance, psychology and Islam can work together to nurture both the mind and the soul.